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The Cturion was the main battle tank of the British Army after World War II. Introduced in 1945, it is widely regarded as one of the most successful post-war tank designs, remaining in production until the 1960s and seeing combat well into the 1980s.
Centurion British Tank
The chassis was adapted for many other roles, and these variants remained in service. It is a very popular tank with good armor, maneuverability and weaponry.
File:a41 Centurion Mk.3 '08 Zr 61' “ann” (47064268892).jpg
Development of the Cturion began in 1943 with production beginning in January 1945. Six prototypes arrived in Belgium less than a month after the war in Europe in May 1945.
It began fighting against the British Army in the Korean War in 1950 in support of UN forces. The Cturion later served on the Indian side of the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, where it fought against US-supplied M47 and M48 Patton tanks, and served with the Royal Australian Armored Corps in the Vietnam War.
The Israeli military used Cturions in the 1967 Six Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1978 South Lebanon conflict and the 1982 Lebanon War. Cturions were replaced while APCs were used in Gaza, the West Bank and the Lebanese border. The Royal Jordanian Ground Forces used Cturions, first in 1970 to prevent Syrian incursions within its borders during Black September, and later in the Golan Heights in 1973. South Africa deployed its Cturions to Angola during the South African Border War.
The Cturion became one of the most widely used tank designs, equipping dozens of armies around the world, with some in service well into the 1990s.
War Thunder Medium Tank Centurion Mk 3
In the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Israel Defense Forces used modified Cturions as armored personnel carriers and combat engineer vehicles. The South African National Defense Force still operates over 200 Cturions, which were modernized in the 1980s and 2000s as the Olifant (Elephant).
Consists of 13 basic labels and several variants. In use by the British Army, it was replaced by the Chieftain and Conqueror tanks.
In 1943, the Tank Design Directorate, under Sir Claude Gibb, was asked to develop a new design for a heavy tank cruiser under the designation Geral Staff A41. After a series of relatively modest A-series designs in the past, and bearing in mind the threat posed by the German 88mm gun, the War Office demanded a major change in design requirements, specifically: more stability and reliability, capability. to withstand direct hits from German 88 mm guns and provide greater protection against mines. Originally in September 1943, the A41 tank was to weigh no more than 40 long tons (45 short tons; 41 t), with the limit for the current Mark I and Mark II transport trailer and for the Bailey bridge being a span of 80 feet (24 m) . British Rail loading gauge requires that the width should not exceed 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m), the optimum width being 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m),
But, critically, for the new tank this restriction was lifted by the War Office under pressure from the Tank Design Department. Top speed is not important, while agility should be equal to that of a comet. A high reverse speed was established, because during the battle in southern Italy, the Allied tanks got stuck in the narrow submerged roads of the German army. The modified production transmission has two reverse gears, with the higher reverse gear similar to second gear.
The Modelling News: Build Review: British Centurion Mk.5 In 35th Scale From Amusing Hobby
The department created a larger hull by replacing the long-travel Christie five-wheel suspension used on the Comet with a Horstmann six-wheel suspension and increased the distance between the second and third wheels. The Christie suspension, with vertical spring coils between the side armor plates, was replaced by a Horstmann suspension with three horizontally sprung, externally mounted bogies on two wheels on each side. Horstmann's design doesn't offer the same ride quality as the Christie system, but it takes up less space and is easier to maintain.
In case of mine damage, individual suspension and wheel units can be easily replaced. The hull was redesigned with welded, sloping armor and had a partially cast turret with an estimated 17 lb (76.2 mm/3 in) main gun and a 20 mm Polst gun in an indepdt mount on the port side. With the Rover-built Rolls-Royce Meteor engine used in the Comet and Cromwell, the new design has superior performance.
But before the publication of Outline Specification A41 in October 1943, these restrictions were removed and the weight increased from 40 tons to 45 long tons (50 short tons; 46 t), due to the need for heavier and wider armor. turret (too wide for a rail-mounted tank) with a more powerful gun.
The new version carries armor equivalent to the heaviest infantry tanks, while improved suspension and engines provide driving performance superior to that of the first cruiser tanks. The War Office decided it would be wiser to build new trailers rather than mess with what looked like a great design. Historian David Fletcher says: "But is the Cturion, after all, a universal tank? The answer must be a qualified negative."
Long Range Centurion Mk 5lr/mk 5/1 Main Battle Tank 1/72 Ace Models
A design model, produced by AEC Ltd, was reviewed in May 1944. Twenty pilot models were then ordered with various combinations of armamt: t with a 17-pounder and 20mm Polst gun (half of which with a Besa machine gun in the turret. rear and middle doors for escape), five with a 17-pounder machine gun, Besa forward machine gun and escape hatch, and five with a QF 77mm gun and a driver-operated hull machine gun.
The prototypes of the original 40-ton design, the Cturion Mark I, had 76 mm of armor on the front glacis, which was thinner than the th currt infantry (Churt) tanks, which had 101 mm or 152 mm Churchill The Mk VII and VIII were produced in that time. However, the glaci plate is very steep, and therefore the effective armor thickness is very large - a design feature shared with other effective designs, such as the German Panther tank and the Soviet T-34. The turret was well armored at 152 mm. The tank is also very mobile and easily outperforms the Comet in most tests. Soon came the unearthed Cturion Mark II; it had a new 118 mm thick glacis, and the side and rear armor was increased from 38 mm to 51 mm.
Only a few Mk I Cturions were built to replace the Mk II on the production lines. Full production began in November 1945 with an order of 800 units
On the production lines of Leyland Motors, Lancashire, Royal Ordnance Factories ROF Leeds and Royal Arsal, and Vickers in Elswick. The tank entered service in December 1946 as part of the 5th Royal Tank Regiment.
Forces Of Fame: Centurion Mk Iii
Shortly after the introduction of the Cturion, Royal Ordnance completed work on the 84mm Ordnance QF tank gun. Along with this, the Cturion had another upgrade to mount the 20-pounder. At this point, the usefulness of the 20mm Polst was questioned, as it was not necessarily large for anti-troop use.
, so it was replaced by a Besa machine gun in a fully cast turret. The new Cturion Mark III also features a fully automatic gun stabilization system, which allows it to fire accurately while on the move, improving its combat performance.
The Mk 3 was more powerful than the Mk 1 and Mk 2, with the earlier designs being phased out when the new Mk 3 arrived and the older tanks being converted to the Cturion armored recovery vehicle (ARV) Mark. 1 for use by Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers or upgraded to Mk 3 standards. Improvements introduced to the Mk 3 included a more powerful version of the engine and a new sight and gun stabilizer.
The 20-pounder gun was used until the Royal Ordnance Works introduced the L7 105mm gun in 1959. All later Cturion variants, from the Mark 5/2 onwards, used the L7.
Afv Club Centurion Mk.1 British Main Battle Tank
The disadvantage of earlier versions was the limited range, initially only 65 miles (105 km) on hard roads, external auxiliary tanks and a "monowheel" trailer were used. But the Mk7 had a third fuel tank inside the fuselage, giving a range of 101 miles (163 km). In addition, it has been found possible to deploy Cturion on some European rail routes with larger gauges.
The Cturion was used as the basis for a range of special equipment, including combat engineering variants with a 165 mm gun to demolish the Armored Vehicle Royal gineers (AVRE).
It was one of the most advanced designs of all time, serving as a main battle tank for the British and Australian armies from the Korean War (1950-1953) to the Vietnam War (1961-1972), and as an AVRE during Operation Desert Storm in January-February 1991.
Cturion tanks of the 8th Hussars were disabled during the retreat of the 29th Brigade on 25 April.
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